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Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening: opportunities and challenges
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 页码 116-121 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0600-1
Lung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females. Screening for lung cancer coupled with earlier intervention has long been studied as an approach to mortality reduction. However, minimal progress was achieved until recently, when low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) screening demonstrated a 20% reduction in mortality from lung cancer in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the National Lung Screening Trial, from the United States. On the basis of this finding, LDCT has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations by several clinical guidelines. However, results from the following independent RCTs in Europe failed to show consistent conclusions. In addition, intractable problems gradually emerged with the progress of LDCT screening. This paper summarizes and discusses the main observations and challenges of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Before spreading implementation of LDCT screening, challenges, including high false-positive rates, overdiagnosis, enormous costs, and radiation risk, must be addressed. Complementary biomarkers and technical improvement are expected in the field of lung cancer screening in the near future.
关键词: lung cancer low-dose computerized tomography early detection opportunities challenges
结合全变分最小化和稀疏字典学习后处理的低剂量CT重建 Article
Yong DING, Tuo HU
《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第18卷 第12期 页码 2001-2008 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700287
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1733-x
关键词: Bioaugmentation Low-dose persulfate oxidation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Remediation
Bingshan Liu, Roshni Narurkar, Madhura Hanmantgad, Wahib Zafar, Yongping Song, Delong Liu
《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第5期 页码 593-599 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0635-y
Conventional combination therapies have not resulted in considerable progress in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Elderly patients with AML and poor risk factors have grave prognosis. Midostaurin has been recently approved for the treatment of FLT-3-mutated AML. Venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory chronic lymphoid leukemia. Clinical trials on applying venetoclax in combination with cytarabine and other agents to treat various hematological malignancies are currently underway. Here, we present a case of a male patient with poor performance status and who developed AML following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for high-risk myelodysplasia. The patient with high risk AML achieved complete response to the combined treatment regimen of low-dose cytarabine and venetoclax. Furthermore, we reviewed current clinical trials on the use of venetoclax for hematological malignancies.
关键词: venetoclax cytarabine AML leukemia
Fatigue of asphalt binder, mastic and mixture at low temperature
Dong WANG, Linbing WANG, Guoqing ZHOU
《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第2期 页码 166-175 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0157-7
关键词: fatigue asphalt mixture asphalt binder mastic finite element method (FEM) X-ray tomography
Cancer and the environment: Filling knowledge gaps together
Linda S. BIRNBAUM PhD, DABT, ATS,
《医学前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期 页码 131-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0044-3
关键词: environment genes environmental exposure environmental agent persistence chemicals inert ingredients low dose
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第3期 页码 288-295 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0208-4
Tramadol is a potent analgesic. However, the analgesia efficacy of tramadol, particularly its minimum effective dose (MED), is not clear. The aim of this study is to find MED of tramadol for postoperative analgesia in infants. The continual reassessment method (CRM) was performed to find MED. Infants undergoing surgeries were included in the 3 phases of this series. In each phase, 24 participants were allocated a different tramadol dose. Pain intensity was measured by face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) measurement at 3-hour intervals. Tramadol was considered ineffective if the FLACC score was higher than 4 in 10 at anytime. In phase 1, seven dose levels were used within the range 0.1–0.4 mg?kg-1·h-1. Phase 1 was insufficient to identify the MED, and we increased the dose to 0.4–0.8 mg?kg-1·h-1 in phase 2. Phase 2 was insufficient to identify the MED. In phase 3, local anesthetic wound infiltration was introduced, and the tramadol dose levels tested were the same as in phase 1. The successful analgesia probability of tramadol 0.4 mg?kg-1?h-1 was 82.1% (95% CI, 0.742–0.925) in phase 1. In phase 2, it was 84.7% (95% CI, 0.789–0.991) with the dose 0.8 mg?kg-1?h-1. Phase 1 and phase 2 were insufficient to identify the MED. In phase 3, the successful analgesia probability for dose 0.35 mg?kg-1?h-1was 96.7% (95% CI, 0.853–0.997).We have demonstrated that tramadol provides insufficient analgesia for surgeries considered to cause moderate-to-severe postoperative pain in infants if used as the sole analgesic, and that local anesthetic wound infiltration enhances the efficacy of tramadol.
关键词: tramadol minimum effective dose postoperative analgesia infants continual reassessment method
Zhonghua Sun
《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期 页码 254-270 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0153-7
关键词: cardiovascular disease multislice computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction diagnosis visualization
Early assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of a third dose (booster) of COVID-19 immunization
《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期 页码 93-101 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0914-x
关键词: COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunization booster immunization
Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography
Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第13卷 第1期 页码 48-52 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0493-y
Three types of near-net shape casting aluminum parts were investigated by computed tomography to determine casting defects and evaluate quality. The first, second, and third parts were produced by low-pressure die casting (Al-12Si-0.8Cu-0.5Fe-0.9Mg-0.7Ni-0.2Zn alloy), die casting (A356, Al-7Si-0.3Mg), and semi-solid casting (A356, Al-7Si-0.3Mg), respectively. Unlike die casting (second part), low-pressure die casting (first part) significantly reduced the formation of casting defects (i.e., porosity) due to its smooth filling and solidification under pressure. No significant casting defect was observed in the third part, and this absence of defects indicates that semi-solid casting could produce high-quality near-net shape casting aluminum parts. Moreover, casting defects were mostly distributed along the eutectic grain boundaries. This finding reveals that refinement of eutectic grains is necessary to optimize the distribution of casting defects and reduce their size. This investigation demonstrated that computed tomography is an efficient method to determine casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts.
关键词: near-net shape casting aluminum parts casting defects low pressure die casting die casting semi-solid casting computed tomography
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《医学前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期 页码 506-509 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0294-y
This study aimed to investigate patient dose in diagnostic screen-film radiographic examinations in the city of Lhasa, China. Seven out of the twenty-six hospitals registered with the Lhasa Health Bureau were included in the investigation. The entrance surface air Kerma (ESAK) of seven conventional screen-film radiology X-ray equipment in these hospitals was measured with a QA dosimeter in September 2012. The X-ray examinations were divided into three categories: PA (posterior-anterior) chest, upper/lower limb, and AP (anterior-posterior) lumbar spine. For each category, ESAKs were calculated and analyzed. The mean ESAK was 0.6 mGy for PA chest, 0.3 mGy for upper/lower limb, and 1.8 mGy for AP lumbar spine. In addition, the mean ESAK value recorded for PA chest X-ray examinations exceeded the corresponding value recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (0.4 mGy).
关键词: radiation dosage radiology radiation protection radiography/statistics & numerical data
CHEN De-yun, YANG Cong-jing, ZHENG Gui-bin, YU Xiao-yang, SUN Li-juan
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2006年 第1卷 第2期 页码 242-247 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0008-0
关键词: multiphase unequal interval capacitance tomography pattern sensitivity
珊瑚岛礁环境噪声成像 Article
夏少红, 张昌榕, 曹敬贺
《工程(英文)》 2023年 第25卷 第6期 页码 182-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.022
As valuable land in the ocean, coral islands are not only important bases for making use of marine resources and protecting marine rights and interests, but also important for breakthrough research in many fields of earth science. Hence, the economical and efficient determination of the underground structure of coral islands has become significant in coral island engineering geology, but remains challenging for traditional marine geophysical prospecting and drilling methods. While ambient noise tomography with dense arrays has been widely used in continental regions, its applicability to coral islands remains undetermined. In this study, based on the data recorded by a dense array on an isolated coral island in the South China Sea, we analyzed the ambient noise characteristics and obtained a 3D subsurface structure of the coral island using ambient noise tomography. We made the following findings: ① The ambient noise frequencies can be roughly categorized into three levels: < 1, 1–5, and > 5 Hz. The spectral characteristics of the noise below 5 Hz were consistent at different stations, but there were significant differences in the characteristics of the noise above 5 Hz. ② For ambient noise frequencies below 5 Hz, cross-correlation functions with high quality could be obtained with only 24 h of waveform data. However, it was difficult to extract meaningful cross-correlation functions for ambient noise frequencies above 5 Hz. ③ The S-wave velocity in the coral island was higher toward the sea and lower toward the lagoon, which was consistent with the high degree of cementation of the outer reef flat stratum on the seaward side. ④ There were two low-velocity horizons at 25–75 and 200–300 m, which were in good agreement with the high-porosity horizons that were revealed by drilling core samples, reflecting the weathering history of the reef. Our research demonstrates that ambient noise tomography is a potentially economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the geological prospecting of coral reefs.
关键词: Coral island Ambient noise tomography Engineering geology South China Sea
Effect of chemical dose on phosphorus removal and membrane fouling control in a UCT-MBR
Guangrong Sun, Chuanyi Zhang, Wei Li, Limei Yuan, Shilong He, Liping Wang
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1085-8
关键词: University of Cape Town Bioreactor (UCT-MBR) enhanced nutrients removal aluminum sulfate sludge activity membrane fouling
《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 页码 231-239 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0939-9
关键词: neoadjuvant radiotherapy oligometastatic prostate cancer radical prostatectomy
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Comparison of exogenous degrader-enhanced bioremediation with low-dose persulfate oxidation for polycyclic
期刊论文
Venetoclax and low-dose cytarabine induced complete remission in a patient with high-risk acute myeloid
Bingshan Liu, Roshni Narurkar, Madhura Hanmantgad, Wahib Zafar, Yongping Song, Delong Liu
期刊论文
Fatigue of asphalt binder, mastic and mixture at low temperature
Dong WANG, Linbing WANG, Guoqing ZHOU
期刊论文
Estimation of the minimum effective dose of tramadol for postoperative analgesia in infants using the
null
期刊论文
Multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease: 3D visualizations
Zhonghua Sun
期刊论文
Early assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of a third dose (booster) of COVID-19 immunization
期刊论文
Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography
Jiehua LI, Bernd OBERDORFER, Daniel HABE, Peter SCHUMACHER
期刊论文
An investigation on patient dose in screen-film diagnostic radiology in Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous
null
期刊论文
of plotting sensor sensitivity field and image reconstruction algorithm for electrical capacitance tomography
CHEN De-yun, YANG Cong-jing, ZHENG Gui-bin, YU Xiao-yang, SUN Li-juan
期刊论文
Effect of chemical dose on phosphorus removal and membrane fouling control in a UCT-MBR
Guangrong Sun, Chuanyi Zhang, Wei Li, Limei Yuan, Shilong He, Liping Wang
期刊论文